Ben Madilynn
Miliary dermatitis in cats is an allergy-related skin condition that causes a crusty red rash. Cats with this condition tend to scratch or lick themselves excessively. But don’t worry—it’s treatable.
We spoke with a veterinarian to learn the causes, signs, and treatment of feline miliary dermatitis.
What Is Miliary Dermatitis in Cats?
Miliary dermatitis in cats is an inflammatory skin condition caused by various allergens, leading to scabbing, itching, and pain. This inflammation occurs when a cat has a systemic reaction to one or more allergens to which they are sensitive. A rash can appear, causing kitty to lick, bite, or scratch, which can turn into painful lesions with scabs.
Feline military dermatitis, also called scabby cat disease, is not typically a serious condition at first, but infections may occur if left untreated. The word “miliary” is used because the crusty lesions resemble scattered millet seed. The term “dermatitis” describes inflammation of the skin.
What Causes Cat Miliary Dermatitis?
Miliary dermatitis is typically caused by an underlying condition, usually an allergy. “The most common cause of miliary dermatitis in cats is a flea allergy,” says Christine Sellers, DVM, and veterinary advisor for Cat Person. “It can also be caused by environmental allergies (pollens, house dust mites or storage mites, molds, other pets), seasonal allergies (pollens), food allergies, skin parasites (mange or ear mites), and autoimmune diseases.”
Other possible causes include drug reactions, nutrient deficiencies, and infections caused by bacteria, yeast/fungi, or viruses. Feline military dermatitis can affect both indoor and outdoor cats because allergens can easily be found in the home (including fleas).
Signs of Miliary Dermatitis in Cats
The primary sign of miliary dermatitis in cats may be easiest to find while petting your cat—you’ll likely feel small bumps spread over the skin in one or more regions of your cat’s body. You may also notice your cat grooming more than usual or scratching excessively. Watch for the following signs:
- Red, crusty rash or pimple-like wounds (usually around the neck, head, flanks, belly, and/or back)
- Frequent scratching
- Lesions and scabs because of scratching
- Excessive licking and over-grooming
- Thinning of the cat’s coat in certain areas
If you notice these or any other unusual signs, your feline friend may have miliary dermatitis or another skin condition. It’s best to consult your veterinarian so your cat can get some relief.
Is Feline Miliary Dermatitis Contagious?
Feline miliary dermatitis is not contagious to humans, other cats, or other pets. However, if the underlying cause is a fungus, parasite, or bacteria, that culprit can be passed on to people and pets. That’s why an in-person visit to your vet is always recommended if you notice your cat is uncomfortable or has abnormal skin.
Cat Miliary Dermatitis Treatment Options
The best treatment for miliary dermatitis in cats depends on the underlying cause. Your veterinarian will do an exam and may need to run a battery of tests to figure out what’s causing your cat’s skin issues. Many cats are first treated with antihistamines and essential fatty acids (EFAs) to relieve the itching. Further treatment is aimed at the source of the allergy.
Do not attempt to use home remedies, such as coconut oil, to treat your cat’s skin unless your vet recommends it. These may do more harm than good.
Sellers shared these recommendations based on the cause of your cat’s allergic reaction:
Fleas
To control fleas, use an effective monthly flea preventative recommended by your vet. Revolution is a topical solution that also kills mites, so if the cat has a house dust mite or storage mite allergy, this product will also treat that.
Mange
If parasites, mange, or fungus are to blame, your cat’s miliary dermatitis can be treated with the appropriate medication prescribed by your vet. This may include topical and/or oral treatments.
Food Allergies
Food allergies generally cause inflammation and excessive grooming of the lower abdomen and inguinal area, face, eye area, and neck. Food allergy testing can be done by your veterinarian and the offending protein sources can be eliminated from the diet, or an elimination diet trial can be done over a series of weeks or months. Your vet may also recommend a hypoallergenic diet or hydrolyzed protein diet based on your individual cat’s needs, but always consult your vet before changing your cat’s diet on your own.
Environmental Allergens
Inhalant and pollen allergies can cause inflammation of the inner thighs, the abdomen, chest, inner forelegs, neck, and lips. If antihistamines and EFAs are not enough, your vet may prescribe a steroid, immunosuppressive drug, or immunotherapy (allergy shots) to treat this type of allergen.
Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune disorders may cause inflammation at the nail beds, nipples, around the eyes, and ear edges. Steroids or immunosuppressive drugs are also often used to treat this type of ailment.
Infections
If bacteria, yeast/fungus, or viruses are to blame, your cat’s miliary dermatitis can be treated with the appropriate medication prescribed by your vet. This often involves multiple topical and oral medications.
What’s the Prognosis for Cats with Miliary Dermatitis?
Once it’s determined what the cat is allergic to and the allergen is removed, miliary dermatitis can typically be managed. Of course, it’s virtually impossible to remove some allergens from your cat’s environment, and the skin condition can recur. Often, it takes a combination of therapies to combat the different allergens and bring relief to your pet. It may also involve multiple follow-up visits to the veterinarian.
